This project was supported by the Icon Water and ActewAGL Endowment Fund. Working with ActewAGL, the research team evaluated the extent to which poorly insulated homes limit people’s ability to control bills when on demand management rates such as time-of-use. This project built on prior research by Dr White which established that time-of-use rates, while valuable for integrating intermittent renewable generation, can lead to disproportionately large bill increases for groups more likely to live in poorly insulated homes that don’t maintain temperatures well.